Aristotle And Kant s Theory Of Justice - 1327 Words

To compare philosophers Aristotle and Immanuel Kant is essentially to compare modern philosophy to classic philosophy. Aristotle’s theory of justice links together ethics and politics; while Kant’s theory of justice is based on strictly defined principles of morality. Modern philosopher Michael J. Sandel provides a detailed analysis of each theory in his book Justice: What’s the Right Thing to do? Although the key features of Aristotle’s and Kant’s theories are mostly different in nature, there are also some key similarities between the two. The first key difference, and perhaps the most striking one, between these two philosophers’ theories is what each defines as the basis for the morality of an action. In Aristotle’s theory of justice, he mentions that â€Å"Justice is teleological† (186), meaning that defining the rightness of an action requires us to consider the purpose of the action. Aristotle also argues that ‘â₠¬ in order to determine the just distribution of a good, we have to inquire into the telos, or purpose, of the good being distributed† (188). Part of Aristotle’s theory argues that everything has a natural place and is goal-oriented. Furthermore, in determining how a good should be distributed, the goal of the good first must be questioned. Contrastingly, in Kant’s theory of justice, he finds that â€Å"the moral worth of an action consists not in the consequences that flow from it, but in the intention from which the act is done† (111). In simpler terms, Kant meansShow MoreRelatedPlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient theories of Plato and Aristotle differ greatly from the contemporary theories of Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. Plato and Aristotle focused on the importance of virtue in an individual’s life. Plato believed that purity of the soul was the most important thing in life and can be achieved by mastering the four virtues: justice, wisdom, courage, and moderation. Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a justRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics1095 Words   |  5 Pageswhole.† ― Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics Ethics is the philosophical study of moral judgements (Solomon: 2010). Moral philosophy has long been dominated by two basic theories; deontology, inspired by Immanuel Kant, the eighteenth century philosopher and; utilitarianism or consequentialism, which derives its modern day instructions from eighteenth and nineteenth century philosophers Jeremey Bentham and J. S. Mills, respectively (Hursthouse:1999). Increasing dissatisfaction with these theories and theirRead MoreComparing Aristotle And John Stuart Mill1130 Words   |  5 Pagesconcentrate of the famous works of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill. After meticulously analyzing each of the above philosophers’ texts, I personally prefer the position of utilitarian and Benthamite, John Stuart Mill. After comparing and contrasting the positions and reasonings of these philosophers, I will demonstrate my own reasons why I have chosen John Stuart Mill as the most established in his theory of the role of pleasure in morality. Aristotle was a particularly influentialRead MoreAnalysis Of David Hume s Theory Of Justice2868 Words   |  12 PagesMan creates society to enforce justice which allows man to own and use property as he desires. A grand idea but is it so simple? If Man creates society to protect this arbitrary concept, does society have the right to take this right away? John Rawls felt that society was responsible for deciding who properly owns property, whether it s individually or communally owned. In his influential work, A Theory of Justice, Rawls conception of society is defined by justice as fairness. Essentially sayingRead MoreAn Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1430 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments say that if the reasoning is valid then the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, which Demea argues is the case when it comes to the existence of god. The following essay will discuss Demea s standing, Cleanthes’ responses and what this all means for both the the ory and Hume s own opinion. The basic argument that Demea puts forward is as follows; â€Å"whatever exists must have a cause or a reason for its existence; it is absolutely impossible for anything to produce itself, or be theRead MoreAristotle s Nicomachean Ethics On Virtues And The Quality Of Character A Person1543 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent for everyone. Ethics has many aspects associated with it, not just right or wrong. Through the writings of Aristotle, Kant, Mayo, and Rawls I am going to explain what I believe to be ethics and the important concepts associated with ethics. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics focuses more on virtues and the quality of character a person has. This idea is virtue ethics and Aristotle presents many intriguing ideas aside from just right and wrong. Virtue means excellence in general and the virtuesRead MoreThe 18th Century Enlightenment1487 Words   |  6 Pagesis important to note that the idea of â€Å"change† caused unease and anxiety to settle in. The enlightenment was a European philosophical movement led by philosophers, Kant, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke. These thinkers began to question the way of life in the contemporary world and discussed the potential of â€Å"man†. Immanuel Kant hypothesized that man is immature and has yet to find his true potential. Questioning the simplicity and purpose of life frightened some, as a result, the enlightenmentRead MoreEssay on Deontologial Theory1295 Words   |  6 PagesETHICS Deontological Theory Historically ethics was studied from a philosophical aspect and viewed as the science of morals. Ethics had been defined as the principles of moral conduct that govern our behavior. Our ethical behavior is developed from various factors, to include our environment, family and beliefs. The origins of ethics can be traced back to the fifth century, BC ( Banner, 1968, pg.67). Plato, Socrates and Aristotle are among the early teachers of ethics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheseRead MoreJohn Rawls : A Theory Of Justice Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pageshim and others, such as Aristotle, Hobbes, or Rousseau. However, he does have certain ideas and point of views that correlate with the views of those that Immanuel Kant expresses, and more specifically Rawls was greatly influenced by Immanuel Kant by his conclusions in moral philosophy and autonomous law. Rawls takes both from historical knowledge and modern experiences to shape his ideas, and he articulates them through one of his most influential books, A Theory of Justice. Through this book he describesRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of Justice2753 Words   |  12 PagesUtilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contention with the thoughts of Kant. What is most distinctive about

Discrimination And Gender Discrimination - 957 Words

Discrimination simply means to differentiate between two or more people, in such a way as to restrict rights. The law view discrimination as distinguishing, separating, differentiating, unequally treating people which, being equal, must be treated with the same degree (Gidro and Gidro. 2016.p65). Harassment and sexual harassment, common forms for discriminations, are actions that go against the principle of gender equality and are described as discriminatory on the basis of gender. Harassment, a form of discrimination based on protected class characteristics, is an obstacle to understanding equal employment opportunity (Welsh.2013.p267). The Equal Employer Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual†¦show more content†¦2011. p 330). Under Meritor, an employees harassment is unlawful if it leads to a hostile or abusive work environment. Even if a term of employment is not affected, the harassment remains unlawful if it is sufficiently severe o r pervasive. In this case both severe (sexual assault) and pervasive (repeated harassment over years) conduct were exhibited. Harassment causes numerous problems to women. In addition to psychological damages, women also experience fear that verbal harassment will escalate into physical harm, including rape, and experience added emotional distress, depression, anxiety, and stress. It is not required by law for employees to be treated nice or civil; however, employees do have the right to work in a hostile free environment. In the Singleton v. Department of Correctional Education case, Singleton sued the Department of Correctional Education for harassment. Hired as a prison librarian, Singleton complained about harassment by a supervisor from another agency that worked at the prison. She was verbally harassment by the supervisor approximately four times a week from the time of her initial employment in July 2000 to October 2001. The supervisor made comments to another male supervisor that the woman should be spanked every day, insistent complimented her appearance and how attractive she was, gawked at her breasts during conversations, measured her skirt for the purported purpose of determining whether it complied with theShow MoreRelatedSexual Discrimination And Gender Discrimination1384 Words   |  6 PagesSexual discrimination, sex based discrimination, gender discrimination or sexism is a type of prejudice or discrimination based on a person s sex or gender usually by the opposite gender. Thus, it generally refers to discrimination against a male by a female or a female by a male. Feminism can therefore be considered a form of sexism. More often than not however, sexism is commonly applied to the unfair treatment of women, the denial of opportunity to women or an injustice towards women, whichRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Gender Discrimination962 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly being seen, especially on social media. It s a single word which people are using instead of the longer phrases disability discrimination or disability prejudice. Racial discrimination and gender discrimination have their own single words - racism and sexism - and so those ideas can be expressed a little more easily. Disability discrimination is often complicated and misunderstood. At one end of the scale, buildings with steps instead of ramps may be said to be ableist. Less obviousRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Gender And Gender Discrimination1574 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Gender discrimination, also known as sexism, refers to prejudice or discrimination based on sex and/ or gender, as well as conditions or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on gender (Women and Gender Discrimination). Sexism is a social injustice that is not applied only to women but, to men as well. Certain personalities and characteristics are expected from both genders starting as children. Little girls are expected to play with dolls, while little boys areRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Gender Discrimination973 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination, especially discrimination based on gender, should be looked at through Deontology. This is because discrimination based on gender affects the rights of many, requires duties of other to not discriminate and have respect for others, and can have large consequences. It is important we look at rights, duties, and consequences rather than only evaluate gender discrimination based on its consequences in order to be abl e to create a way to virtuously handle gender. While gender discriminationRead MoreGender, Discrimination, Harassment, And Discrimination1421 Words   |  6 Pageswith Gays and Lesbians, coming out in the sports world has shown to be an alienating and difficult experience for homosexual athletes and coaches. In most cases the athletes are subject to discrimination, harassment, threats and violence (Gregory 2004). This paper will discuss the ideology and attitudes toward gender role stereotyping and homophobia in sports and take a look at the stories of athletes who have publically come out about their homosexuality. The social arrangements, in the institutionRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Gender Discrimination2298 Words   |  10 PagesDiscrimination is an ongoing problem that exists in many forms and is often studied by social psychologists. According to Bordens and Horowitz (2014), discrimination is defined as â€Å"overt behavior- often negatively directed toward a particular group and often tied to prejudicial attitudes- which involves behaving in different ways toward members of different groups† (p. 106). Although discriminatory behaviors have seemed to simmer down over the past decades, individuals still to this day continueRead MoreGender Discrimination1518 Words   |  7 PagesGender Discrimination Written by: Brent Davey TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------3 Gender Discrimination Defined-------------------------------------------3 Gender Discrimination at Work-------------------------------------------5 Gender Discrimination and Politics--------------------------------------6 Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------6 Works Cited-------------------------------------------------------------------8Read MoreSexual Discrimination And Gender Discrimination2076 Words   |  9 Pagesdemand is a kind of employment discrimination. The sex discrimination of employment the female encounter is especially extrusive. At present, females of China more and more fall in a weak position in employment market. So, what is gender discrimination? Gender discrimination, also known as sexual discrimination, is any action that specifically denies opportunities, privileges, or rewards to a person (or a group) because of gender. The practice of letting a person s gender become a factor when decidingRead MoreGender Discrimination1008 Words   |  5 Pages Gender-bias within the workplace has existed as long as both males and females have worked together, and even now, it is a prevalent issue in modern society. Discrimination classified as gender-bias is the unequal treatment or employment due to the gender of an individual. While U.S. Code Title 42, Chapter 21, 2000e-2 prohibits discrimination based on gender, religion, age, disability, race, and national origin (Cornell), illegal and unfair employment practices still affect many people. DespiteRead MoreGender Discrimination5921 Words   |  24 Pages GENDER DISCRIMINATION By Nkechi AGBOGO TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. What does sex discrimination cover 4. Sex discrimination possible scenes 5. Forms of sex discrimination 6. Reasons for sex discrimination 7. Policies which should help reduce gender discrimination 8. Conclusion 9. Reference ABSTRACT Gender discrimination is an acute and persistent problem, especially

Procrastination of Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Procrastination of Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the protagonist Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is deceived by many of his former allies, including his mother, Gertrude, and his lover, Ophelia. Perhaps the most deceptive of these former allies is Hamlets uncle, Claudius. Not only does Claudius kill Hamlets father, the King, but he also proceeds to marry Hamlets mother, Gertrude, and to steal the crown from Hamlet, the rightful heir to his father. In Act III, scene III of Hamlet, Hamlet accidentally comes upon Claudius while he is alone and in prayer. Hamlet draws his sword and contemplates murdering Claudius. However, Hamlet neglects to perform this action. The decision not to kill Claudius in these circumstances shows that Hamlet possesses an intellectual mind,which, in this circumstance, prevents him from taking decisive action. At first, Hamlet sees the circumstance as a perfect opportunity for revenge against Claudius. Hamlet knows that Claudius truly committed murder after seeing his reaction to the play within a play. Also, Hamlet must leave soon for England. Hamlet realized that if he does not act now, he may never have such a ripe opportunity for revenge again. And now Ill dot. (III, iii, 73-74) However, Hamlets intellect provides him with a ready excuse to delay his revenge against Claudius. Hamlet does not believe that killing a man in prayer constitutes an unfair deed. Rather, Hamlet reasons that, since Claudius has purged his soul through prayer, he would go to heaven. And so am I revenged. (III, iii, 75) Hamlets father, contrastingly, had not prepared his soul for death. He suffered purgatory as a ghost. Hamlet, unsatisfied with performing an act of corporeal justice, would prefer for his revenge to have eternal consequences. He wants to seek his revenge when Claudius sole lies in a state of unpreparedness. Hamlet puts away his sword while contemplating this future occasion. Up, sword; and know thou a more horrid hent: when he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed; At game, a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation int; (III, iii, 88-92) This procrastination shows Hamlets capabilities for intellectual reason, even in a situation involving extreme emotions. However, this decision presents Hamlets final opportunity to seek substantial revenge against Claudius. In this scene, Hamlet shows reasoning worthy of admiration. Although Claudius prayer may evoke sympathy from an emphatic onlooker, Hamlets decision lies in reasoning. He does not feel sorry for Claudius, although his actions could lend evidence to that interpretation. His soliloquy reveals that he does not choose his inaction out of sympathy or forgiveness, but out of theological reasoning. This reasoning would not be facilitated by a person of lesser intellect than Hamlet. Claudius remains undeserving of sympathy, despite his prayer. Although he seeks forgiveness, he continues with his immoral plots throughout the course of the play. The film version of Hamlet, starring Kenneth Branaugh, portrays this scene almost precisely in accordance with Shakespeares text. The thoughts of Hamlet become clear through not only the dialogue, but through Hamlets tone of voice and facial expression. The film shows Hamlets deep contemplation of how to go about avenging Claudius. Claudius remains unaware of Hamlets watchful eye throughout the scene. The film accurately depicts Hamlets process of contemplation and reasoning. Bibliography: .