Repentance in Islam free essay sample

The second is an act of the body, to bring up some good deeds, starting two cycles of prayer of repentance. First: Make du3aa for yourself to make your heart purified from all sins you have committed. Because everyone commits sins and nobody can deny that. Make your intention not to do that sin again. Second: Offer two rak’ats of prayer. Performs them in full presence of mind and heart. Commit no mistake within the prayers. Does not speak to himself within them. Recite the prayer-words in them well and in humility. Then seeks Allah’s forgiveness. Results: -Your past sins are forgiven. -You are assured Paradise. Abu Sai’d Alkhudri reported: Prophet of Allah said: There was a man from among a nation before you who killed 99 people. He wanted to repent and asked for the most knowledgeable person. He goes to that person and says he killed 99 people; what can I do to repent. We will write a custom essay sample on Repentance in Islam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The person said there is no way for you to repent. So the man kills him and makes it 100 people. He then asks again for the most knowledgeable person. The people lead him to a monk. The man says he has killed 100 people and what can I do to repent. The monk says go to such a land and join them in worship, this land is an evil place. So he heads toward the good town. He dies on his way. Two angels come down. The angel of mercy says that this person has come with a repenting heart to Allah. The angel of punishment said that this person never did a righteous deed in his life. Another angel comes down and the two angels say he will be the judge between them. He said measure the distance between the two lands. He will be considered belonging to the land he is nearer. They found his body closer to the good town. So the angel of mercy collects his soul. Narrated by Albukhari and Muslim

Political Geography and Sovereignty of Palestine

Political Geography and Sovereignty of Palestine There are eight criteria accepted by the international community used to determine whether an entity is an independent country or not. A country need only fail on one of the eight criteria to not meet the definition of independent country status. Palestine (and I shall consider either or both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in this analysis) does not meet all eight criteria to be a country; it fails somewhat on one of the eight criteria. Does Palestine Meet the 8 Criteria to Be a Country? 1. Has space or territory that has internationally recognized boundaries (boundary disputes are OK). Somewhat. Both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank have internationally recognized boundaries. However, these boundaries are not legally fixed. 2. Has people who live there on an ongoing basis. Yes, the Gaza Strips population is 1,710,257 and the population of the West Bank is 2,622,544 (as of mid-2012). 3. Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money. Somewhat. The economies of both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are disrupted by conflict, especially in Hamas-controlled Gaza only limited industry and economic activity is possible. Both regions have exports of agricultural products and the West Bank exports stone. Both entities utilize the new Israeli shekel as their currency. 4. Has the power of social engineering, such as education. Somewhat. The Palestinian Authority does have social engineering power in fields such as education and healthcare. Hamas in Gaza also provides social services. 5. Has a transportation system for moving goods and people. Yes; both entities have roads and other transportation systems. 6. Has a government that provides public services and police or military power. Somewhat. While the Palestinian Authority is permitted to provide local law enforcement, Palestine does not have its own military. Nonetheless, as can be seen in the latest conflict, Hamas in Gaza does have control of an extensive militia. 7. Has sovereignty. No other State should have power over the countrys territory. Somewhat. The West Bank and Gaza Strip do not yet have full sovereignty and control over their own territory. 8. Has external recognition. A country has been voted into the club by other countries. No. Despite the super-majority of United Nations members approving United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 on November 29, 2012, giving Palestine non-member state observer status, Palestine is not yet eligible to join the United Nations as an independent country. While dozens of countries recognize Palestine as independent, it has not yet attained full independent status, despite the UN resolution. If the UN resolution had allowed Palestine to join the United Nations as a full member state, it would have immediately been recognized as an independent country. Thus, Palestine (nor the Gaza Strip nor the West Bank) is not yet an independent country. The two parts of Palestine are entities that, in the eyes of the international community, have yet to obtain full have international recognition.

Business Legal Environmen(230) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Legal Environmen(230) - Essay Example As such to the disadvantages will now be discussed. The first of these is with regards to the fact that the sole proprietorship is very unlikely to garner any number of investors. This is due to the fact that investors are ultimately leery of investing in the business venture whose decision-making structure and ownership is all concentric upon single individual. Similarly, a secondary drawback is concentric upon the strength that has already been listed; the fact that all responsibilities and business decisions necessarily fall upon the shoulders of the sole proprietor. As such, sole proprietorship oftentimes places an undue level of stress and anxiety upon a single individual and therefore makes it impossible for him/her to both manage the business and maintain any semblance of a normal life. 2. With regards the advantages of a corporate business entity, the first of these is with regards to the fact that it is much easier for this entity to gather and raise money from investors. Du e to the fact that a pooling of capital and/or property can be rapidly affected within such a means, it is likely that such an entity will be able to garner a relatively higher level of investment as compared to the other entities thus far discussed. Likewise, a secondary advantage of the Corporation is that unlike the sole proprietorship, the individual shareholders are not personally liable for any debts that the corporation might incur during its operation. Conversely, one of the distinct disadvantages of the corporate business entity is with regards the fact that it is liable for a double taxation. The reader can understand this to mean that the profits of the Corporation are taxed as well as the individual shares that the stakeholders earn as a form of dividends/payments/salary. A further disadvantage is with regards to the fact that not all stakeholders will have an equal share with regards to a voice in how appropriation is wrong. As a function of the fact some shareholders w ill have a much stronger voice and level of ownership, their decisions will be taken much more seriously than those with a lower level of ownership or shares. 3. With regards to piercing the corporate veil, this most directly refers to the legal decision and ability to assume that the rights or duties of incorporation are also the rights and duties of its stakeholders. In this way, the reader can understand why a corporation is typically viewed as a separate legal person; completely and entirely responsible for the debts that it incurs as well as the credits that it is owed. Ultimately, the decision to understand the Corporation as a separate person is only pierced when an exceptional situation arises that forces the law to consider the Corporation in a non-personhood manner. More often than not, litigation with regards to piercing the corporate veil is generally concentric upon the level and extent to which wrongful conduct, proximate cause, or unity of interests might have been vi olated within the initial startup or subsequent actions of the Corporation. Similarly, as was briefly discussed above with regards to the disadvantage of entering into a corporate entity, the double taxation standard will be briefly discussed below. Firstly, whereas a sole proprietorship only allows for the individual to be taxed upon their earnings, the Corporation, regardless of its size and the number

Bipolar disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bipolar disorder - Research Paper Example We can therefore know of our safety from mental disorders through gaining knowledge of symptoms of the disorders and establishing their absence. This, however, can be done better through specialists’ advice (Cleveland, 2009). Personal perception and understanding of mental disorder My personal opinion on mental disorders has changed to identify positivity in challenged individuals. Previously, I held the perception that the disorders cannot be managed for the victims’ positive lives. I have however learnt that the disorders are common among people but are managed to insignificant levels that allow the individuals to lead normal lives. I also now understand that mental disorder victims require psychological care support for proper management of their conditions (Helpguide, n.d.). Understanding mental disorders Understanding mental disorders should adopt a systematic professional approach that establishes root causes of the disorders. This is because of the level of compl exity and diversity of the disorders with different causes, either psychological or biological. Such an understanding develops a basis for managing the mental disorders (Nairne, 2008). Impacts of culture on diagnosis of mental disorders Culture has direct impacts on diagnosis of mental disorders through defining abnormal behavior. ... Its susceptibility level is uniform across gender as men and women shows almost same prevalence rates. Women are however slightly more vulnerable to the disorder. Bipolar disorder majorly develops during a person’s early ages, normally teenage, and predominantly consists of â€Å"depressive and maniac episodes† that alternates or simultaneously manifest (Brown, n.d., po. 1). It is estimated to affect at least ten million individuals in America, impairing the victims’ attitudes, physical potential, and ability to work. Even though it is chronic, its symptoms are periodic and are manageable through medications (Duckworth, 2006). Diagnosis Diagnosis of bipolar disorder is efficiently done through trained healthcare personnel or a specialized expert such as psychologist. It may be achieved through â€Å"physical examination, an interview, or lab tests† (Nimh, 2012, p. 1). Physical examination for example identifies a person’s abnormal energy and physica l activity levels while interviews identifies significant changes in attitudes and behavior. Diagnosis can also be done through a psychiatric evaluation (Nimh, 2012). Treatment There is currently no identified treatment for bipolar disorder. A number of treatment for managing patients’ symptoms are however available to prevent hospitalization and advancement of the disorder to more serious stages. Application of â€Å"mood stabilizing medications,† â€Å"atypical antipsychotic medications,† and â€Å"antidepressant medications† has for example been adopted with each category consisting of a variety of drugs (Nimh, 2012, p. 1; Brown, n.d). Evidence based practice that identify treatment models also integrates with medicinal approaches to facilitate management of the disorder. The approaches’ diversity

Columbus in History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Columbus in History - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the first contact that Columbus had with the Arawak’s was when he first landed at their beach on that Friday morning. He with his men observed that the ‘natives’, as he had yet to establish their cultural affiliation were, were Godless and very friendly people. From Columbus’ perspective, he was more intent on discovering new territories and gold for his king. He constantly talks of how he sights ‘new lands’ and keeps his thoughts on exploring these lands for purposes of conquering them for his kings occupation and his interest in these people is geared towards actualising this mission. He states that: â€Å"When we stepped ashore we saw fine green trees, streams everywhere and different kinds of fruit. I called to the two captains to jump ashore with the rest, who included Rodrigo de Escobedo, secretary of the fleet, and Rodrigo Sanchez de Segovia, asking them to bear solemn witness that in the presence of them all I was taking possession of this island for their Lord and Lady the King and Queen, and I made the necessary declarations which are set down at greater length in the written testimonies†. He observed that they were poor people in all respects based on their appearance and wore no form of clothing. Columbus being a Christian was quick to observe that these people could be easily converted to Christianity as they seemed bright and intelligent. He formed a bias against them based on the misconception that they thought he and his men were from ‘heaven’ and due to their obvious rudimentary social organisation and technological endowment; he thought he was better than them. He alludes to this by recording in his log that they would make good servants. 2 Explain why contact with Columbus is often cited as the beginning of history in the "New World" despite evidence of contact with other peoples and cultures in periods that predated Columbus. Columbus’ contact with the ne w world is often described as the beginning of the history of the new world because he was the first European documented explorer to set foot on the new world. His was a sanctioned exploration and he managed to keep records of the entire expedition through his log. Ideally, he is not the first ‘outsider’ to interact with the new world because recent anthropological and archaeological discoveries have unearthed the fact that there were human interactions with the new world from outsiders earlier than Columbus’ expedition. Traces of the great Vikings have been in areas of the new world that indicate they might have come here earlier than Columbus did. The only difference with Columbus is that he provided a detailed log and took back samples from the new world that spurred the interests of other explorers and this might even be said sparked off the scramble for the new world in a way. 3 Please explain how the histories and lives of very different indigenous communit ies are often subsumed by their identities as "Indians?" Please include a discussion of what is not included and if the differences between indigenous peoples are overshadowed by the historic "Indian" identity. When Columbus set out to discover a better route to the East Indies, he completely missed the mark and landed on another part of the world that was new to him. However he believed that he probably had landed in another part of the East Indies and he thus named all these people he found there as Indians. Due to the nature of his expedition he could not spend enough time with these indigenous people to distinguish who was who and what was the relation between these people and most importantly whether there were any significant differences between these people to warrant their classification as different peoples. It is only much later that missionaries and dedicated anthropologists

Strategic Thinking In Logic Versus Creativity Commerce Essay

Strategic Thinking In Logic Versus Creativity Commerce Essay It is mutually agreed that the converses of intuition and analysis generate tension during the strategic thinking process. Researchers and contributors to strategic management making the case for logic argue that for strategy to be effective, the strategic thinking process must involve extensive formal analyses and objective collection and processing of data both from within and without the corporation (Hill and Jones, 2007; De Wit and Meyer, 2010). Rational reasoning enables managers gain an accurate perspective on the different options available before identifying the strategic option that best serves the organisations cause: achieving its goals and objectives. Logical analysis encompasses assessing internal and external risks, strengths and weaknesses, market need and so on; so that strategy can be thought out to fit each of the above factors. In contrast to logical thinking, creative thinking involves taking a leap of imagination (De Wit and Mayor, 2010, p. 60) without any logically defined reason for taking such a leap. Creative thinking is a divergence from the rules governing rational argumentation towards problem-solving. Strategic thinking from this perspective is therefore not governed by previous arguments or analyses, but is the generation of action plans using intuition (Hill and Jones, 2007). The strategy thinker will use intuitive judgement to derive a vision for the future. Proponents of this approach argue that it is the best way to define problems and generate innovative solutions since rationality has the potential to frustrate the process of generating novel insight, which, they say, should be the objective of strategic thinking (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). See (appendix A) Apple Inc. case study. Strategic Formation: Is strategy deliberate or emergent? From the dichotomy of rational versus creative thinking, the paradox of strategy deliberateness versus emergency arises. The deliberate doctrine opines that strategy creation ought to follow a coherent series of steps, a coordination of efforts, strategic resource allocation and utilisation and a prior, systematic programming of all processes and activities in the organisation (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). Strategy is a deliberate, systematic attempt to achieve fit between an organizations internal and external strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities (Sadler and Craig, 2003). The paradox of deliberateness and emergence comes courtesy of the cognitive school of thought. Managers who prefer logic in strategic thinking certainly believe that strategy formation is a deliberate process; whereas those who prefer intuition would go for the opinion that strategy formation is an emergent process. Managers who believe in emergence understand the process of strategy formation as anchored in an organisations capacity and willingness to stay open to new opportunities or trends, maintaining flexibility to changes in the internal and external environment being able to cognitively discern emerging ideas and concepts and the socio-political and cultural factors; and acting in response (Clegg et al., 2005; De Wit and Meyer, 2010). Strategy thus becomes a reactive process. The deliberate school of thought maintains that strategy has to be crafted; that responding to internal and external factors cannot solely be used to provide an organisation with a roadmap for achieving i ts objectives and realising its vision. See (appendix B) United Parcel Services (UPS) case study. Strategy Renewal: Is change Discontinuous or Evolutionary? Organisational change is an integral element of the strategy process. Strategy aims to outline an organisations plan for achieving its objectives. Sometimes, there are abrupt changes in the internal and external environment, shifts in production or project implementation life-cycles or changes in organisation dynamics (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). With such eventualities, the organisation has to renew its strategy. The paradox of revolution (discontinuous change) and evolution (continuous change) is occasioned by the two approaches to strategic renewal. Continuous change advocates for an evolutionary approach in increasing productivity and operational efficiency (Watson, 2000). Continuous change is feasible with emergent strategy formation since change motivators are everyday observed changes or trends in the internal and external environment. On the contrary, discontinuous (revolutionary) change involves performing a radical surgery to an organisations strategy. Unlike evolutionary strategic change, discontinuous change does not involve continual improvement of an organisations corporate strategy: strategic renewal is achieved by making distinct transformations from one strategic approach to another (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). Whether strategic renewal is achieved through revolutionary or evolutionary change is dependent on specific factors. In project management for example, revolutionary change is a suitable approach since typically, projects have predefined implementation timelines and budgets (Whittington, 2000). Continuous change becomes appropriate when the organisation undergoing change wants to maintain or improve its operational efficiency and competitive advantage in the long run. However, when organisations continuously evolve their strategies to maintain a competitive advantage, increase productivity and operational efficiency, counter the effects of changes in the external and external environment and meet changing customer or client requirements, revolutionary change is still unavoidable (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). Every once in a while, an organisation has to initiate revolutionary changes, processes and projects that wholly transform their strategic outlook and business processes. See (Append ix C) Ferrari case study. Conclusion From the analysis done in this report, it is evident that strategy dichotomies or the paradoxes arising from strategic thinking, strategy formation and strategy renewal are closely interrelated. They arise due to the diversity in the contexts with which strategy is interpreted and understood. Effective corporate strategising, it appears, must be conducted by applying opposing perspectives alongside each other. For example, some specific case may call for a combination of logical and creative thinking in strategy formation whereas others may call for logic only (Clegg et al., 2005). Effective managers should be able to identify which approach will be most effective for each specific case.

Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia :: essays research papers fc

Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia It is widely known that the poor health experienced by many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders relates from complex reasons originating from their history after European settlement. Two centuries of introduced disease, combined with today’s lifestyle diseases and impoverished socioeconomic and environmental conditions, have had devastating, and all too often fatal, effects on Indigenous health. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population suffered from introduced disease that often turned out to be fatal because of lack of immunity to introduced pathogens. In 1788, Indigenous Australians were totally healthier than most Europeans of that time, whether it was socially, emotionally or physically. But when the Europeans came, their diseases killed many of the Aborigines without even lifting a hand. There were an estimated 5000 Aborigines living in Tasmania when the British first arrived in 1803. Living in small groups, they had survived for millennia in the island's extreme wilderness, hunting kangaroos and gathering shellfish along the coast. By the end of the 19th century they had been all but wiped out, in what has long been regarded as one of the darkest periods in Australia's history which many thinks was caused by introduced pathogens by Europeans. People have said that introduced disease was used as an international weapon of extermination especially in the case of the Australian Aborigines. The Aborigines were so affected by the introduced pathogens because their immune systems had never encountered that kind of disease before so they had not developed any immunity at all and so succumbed to disease very easily. The first major smallpox epidemic among Aborigines was in April 1789, fifteen months after first settlement. The second was in 1829-31, its origin never determined. Many people have suggested and even written books about it that smallpox and other various killer diseases were deliberately introduced by the First Fleet to the Aborigines to kill them off easily. Diseases introduced by convicts and settlers - smallpox, typhoid, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, measles and venereal disease - seriously depleted Aboriginal numbers. There was a massive population loss in central Australia - particularly in the region of what is now Alice Springs - between 1860 and 1895. Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia :: essays research papers fc Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia It is widely known that the poor health experienced by many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders relates from complex reasons originating from their history after European settlement. Two centuries of introduced disease, combined with today’s lifestyle diseases and impoverished socioeconomic and environmental conditions, have had devastating, and all too often fatal, effects on Indigenous health. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population suffered from introduced disease that often turned out to be fatal because of lack of immunity to introduced pathogens. In 1788, Indigenous Australians were totally healthier than most Europeans of that time, whether it was socially, emotionally or physically. But when the Europeans came, their diseases killed many of the Aborigines without even lifting a hand. There were an estimated 5000 Aborigines living in Tasmania when the British first arrived in 1803. Living in small groups, they had survived for millennia in the island's extreme wilderness, hunting kangaroos and gathering shellfish along the coast. By the end of the 19th century they had been all but wiped out, in what has long been regarded as one of the darkest periods in Australia's history which many thinks was caused by introduced pathogens by Europeans. People have said that introduced disease was used as an international weapon of extermination especially in the case of the Australian Aborigines. The Aborigines were so affected by the introduced pathogens because their immune systems had never encountered that kind of disease before so they had not developed any immunity at all and so succumbed to disease very easily. The first major smallpox epidemic among Aborigines was in April 1789, fifteen months after first settlement. The second was in 1829-31, its origin never determined. Many people have suggested and even written books about it that smallpox and other various killer diseases were deliberately introduced by the First Fleet to the Aborigines to kill them off easily. Diseases introduced by convicts and settlers - smallpox, typhoid, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, measles and venereal disease - seriously depleted Aboriginal numbers. There was a massive population loss in central Australia - particularly in the region of what is now Alice Springs - between 1860 and 1895.